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Thursday, June 16, 2011

Volcanoes In Sumatra

The geography of Sumatra is dominated by a mountain range called Bukit Barisan (lit: "a row of hills"). The mountain range spans nearly 1,700 km (1,050 mi) from the north to the south of the island, and it was formed by movement of the Australian tectonic plate. The plate moves with a convergence rate of 5.5 cm/year which has created major earthquakes on the western side of Sumatra including the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. The tectonic movement has been responsible not only for earthquakes, but also for the formulation of magma chambers beneath the island.Volcanoes In Indonesia.
Only one of the 35 active volcanos, Weh, is separated from the Sumatran mainland. The separation was caused by a large eruption that filled the lowland between Weh and the rest of the mainland with sea water in the Pleistocene epoch. The largest volcano of Sumatra is the supervolcano Toba within the 100 km (62 miles) × 30 km (19 miles) Lake Toba, which was created after a caldera collapse (est. in 74,000 Before Present). The eruption is estimated to have been at level eight on the VEI scale, the largest possible for a volcanic eruption. The highest peak of the mountain range is Mount Kerinci with an elevation of 3,800 m (12,467 ft).


Name
Shape
Elevation
Last eruption (VEI)
(m)
(ft)
stratovolcano
617
2,024
Pleistocene
stratovolcano
1,810
5,938
1839 (2)
complex volcano
2,801
9,190
25 December 2000 (2)
stratovolcano
2,885
9,465
1937
shield volcano
2,245
7,365
Pleistocene
stratovolcano
2,212
7,257
1881
stratovolcano
2,460
8,071
7 September 2010
Toba
supervolcano
2,157
7,077
unknown
fumarole field
1,100
3,609
Pleistocene
unknown
1,505
4,938
unknown
stratovolcano
1,819
5,968
unknown
stratovolcano
1,862
6,109
unknown
stratovolcano
2,145
7,037
1986 (1)
complex volcano
2,919
9,577
unknown
volcanic cone
unknown
unknown
unknown
complex volcano
2,891
9,485
5 August 2004 (2)
stratovolcano
2,438
7 999
1924 (1)
stratovolcano
2,597
8,520
12 April 2005 (2)
stratovolcano
3,800
12,467
22 June 2004 (2)
stratovolcano
2,021
6,631
unknown
stratovolcano
2,507
8,225
23 May 1921 (2)
stratovolcano
2,151
7,057
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
unknown
compound
1,958
6,424
unknown
stratovolcano
2,467
8,094
unknown
stratovolcano
1,952
6,404
22 August 2000 (1)
stratovolcano
3,173
10,410
October 1994 (1)
unknown
2,817
9,242
unknown
stratovolcano
2,055
6,742
unknown
stratovolcano
1,899
6,230
April 1940 (1)
Ranau
caldera
1,881
6,171
unknown
caldera
1,719
5,640
unknown
caldera
1,000
3,281
10 July 1933 (4)
caldera
1,040
3,412
1836
stratovolcano
1,281
4,202
1798


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