Etymology and Orthography of The Krakatoa

Although it predated the description of an island in the Sunda Strait, with a "pointed mountain", the first mention by name of Krakatoa in the Western world was on a map by Lucas Janszoon Waghenaer 1611, called the island "Pulo CARCAT." (Pulo is a form of Pulau, the Indonesian word for "island.") About two dozen variants were found, including Crackatouw and Krakatao Krakatau (based on an old Portuguese spelling). The first appearance of the spelling Krakatoa was by Wouter Schouten, passing through "the tree-covered island of Krakatoa" in October 1658. The name Indonesia Krakatoa is unclear. The main theories are: *Onomatopoeia, imitating the...

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Historical Significance Of Krakatoa

The best known eruption of Krakatoa led to a series of massive explosions on 26-27 August 1883, which was one of the most violent volcanic events in modern history and printmaking. With a volcanic explosion limit Index (VEI) of 6, was the trigger equivalent of 200 megatons of TNT (840 PJ) - about 13,000 times the yield nuclear bomb Little Boy (13 to 16 kt) that destroyed Hiroshima, Japan during the Second World War and four times the yield of the...

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Krakatoa

Krakatoa (Indonesian: Krakatau) is a volcanic island made of lava a'a Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia. The name used for a group of islands, the main island (also called Rakata), and the entire volcano. Exploded on the island in 1883, killing about 40,000 people, although some estimates put the death toll much higher. The explosion is still considered the loudest sound ever heard in modern history, reports that he...

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Rajabasa

Rajabasa is an isolated 1281-m-high conical volcano along the Sunda Strait located at the most South-Eastern point of Sumatra. It has a well-preserved 500 x 700 m summit crater with a swampy floor, the volcano is covered with vegetation. Although fumarolic activity occurs on the foot and flanks of the volcano and increased activity was reported in April 1863 and May 1892 it is not known when it last erupte...

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Hulubelu

Hulubelu is an elliptical, 4-km-long caldera the floor of which is about 700 m above sea level and is surrounded by steep walls in South-Eastern Sumatra. Post-caldera volcanism formed central cones and basaltic and andesitic flank volcanoes. Solfataric areas, mud volcanoes, and hot springs occur at several locations but it is not known for sure when the volcano last erupted, possibly in the Holocene epoch. Thermal areas are aligned North East of and parallel to the Great Sumatran fault, which runs the entire length of the island of Sumatr...

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Suwoh

Suoh or Suwoh is a 8 × 16 km wide caldera in the south of Sumatra, Indonesia. The depression was formed primarily by tectonic movement. Historical maars and silicic lava domes are found along the Great Sumatran Fault line. Phreatic eruptions occurred during the major 1933 earthquak...

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Sekincau Belirang

Sekincau is a volcano with two calderas, Belirang (2 km wide) and Balak (2.5 km wide), located in the south of Sumatra, Indonesia. A 300 m wide of crater is found at the summit. Fumarole activities are found at the foot of caldera...

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Mount Besar

Mount Besar (Indonesian: Gunung Besar, means: Big Mountain) is a stratovolcano in the southeast of Sumatra, Indonesia. A minor sulfur deposit can be found in the crater. A big solfatara field called Marga Bayur is located along its north-southwest flanks or the Semangko fault syste...

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Bukit Lumut Balai

Bukit Lumut Balai is a heavily eroded stratovolcano on Sumatra island, Indonesia. It consist of three eruption centers, two on the Bukit Lumut and one one the northeast side of the Bukit Balai. A large lava flow occurs on the north side of Bukit Balai. Active fumarole fields are found in two cresentic basins to the north of Bukit Lumut.&nbs...

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